重點鳥區Teluk Air Tawar生物多樣性調查 2024/25 Biodiversity Survey of the Teluk Air Tawar - Kuala Muda 2024/25

2024年馬來西亞重點鳥區Teluk Air Tawar生物多樣性調查順利完成

acf2425 MNS Great Knot

馬來西亞重點鳥區Teluk Air Tawar生物多樣性調查 2024/25

香港觀鳥會2024-2025亞洲自然保育基金資助的「馬來西亞重點鳥區Teluk Air Tawar生物多樣性調查」順利完成。馬來西亞自然協會(檳城分部)（下稱「協會」）於重要鳥區Teluk Air Tawar-Kuala Muda進行了為期超過12個月的全面鳥類調查，更新該區的鳥類名錄。

計劃於2024年10月至2026年3月進行，共使用三種調查方法，目的是更全面地統計當地水鳥、其他涉禽以及鷺鳥林的數量和分佈。除了沿用自80年代起的恆常陸地調查路線外，今次還新增了離岸調查以及使用無人機作空中監測，應用於更大的調查範圍以及涵蓋因紅樹林擴張而無法進入的區域，期望取得更全面的鳥類數據。

結果顯示，該重點鳥區仍有足夠的承載力支撐留鳥以及遷徙候鳥的使用。調查期間，單日最高數量紀錄為21,500隻水鳥。受威脅的物種數量亦維持穩定，包括勺嘴鷸(極度瀕危)、紅腰杓鷸(瀕危)、黑臉琵鷺(易危)等等。無人機監測在鷺鳥林調查中成效顯著，錄得最多達5,000隻鷺鳥出沒，包括正在繁殖的夜鷺、小白鷺、牛背鷺等。是次調查中亦發現多個新紀錄，連同紅外線相機監測結果，在Teluk Air Tawar-Kuala Muda首次紀錄到過境遷徙的灰腳秧雞、青腳濱鷸及其他共10個鳥種，為日後鳥類研究提供重要依據。

除了鳥類調查，公眾參與也是不可缺少的部分。協會分別在8月和12月舉辦了兩場涉禽辨識體驗班，共有三間學校參與。目的旨於透過讓當地小學生到濕地參觀，並使用望遠鏡實地觀察野生雀鳥，從而對濕地及鳥類保育有更深的認識。

綜合而言，是次於Teluk Air Tawar-Kuala Muda進行的生物多樣性調查顯示該濕地是理想而穩定的生境，為遷徙水鳥、涉禽提供重要的棲地。不同的調查方法令鳥類調查更為全面，研究結果更能進一步支持該濕地的保育、規劃，為鳥類保育提供重要價值。

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Biodiversity Survey of the Teluk Air Tawar - Kuala Muda, Malaysia 2024/25

Supported by HKBWS ACF 2024-2025, the project ‘Biodiversity Survey of the Teluk Air Tawar - Kuala Muda (TAT-KM) (IBA-MY003)’ was carried out by Malaysia Nature Society (MNS) successfully. The project is to conduct a comprehensive bird survey at the Teluk Air Tawar–Kuala Muda Coastal IBA (MY-003) in mainland Penang. The survey lasted more than 12 months using three methods: land surveys, boat surveys, and aerial/drone monitoring. The main goals were to count waterbirds and shorebirds, update the bird checklist and identify new location records.

From October 2024 to March 2026, a peak of 21,500 waders and waterbirds was recorded, revealing the sufficient carrying capacity of the site in supporting migratory birds. On the other hand, the number of threatened species also remain significant, including Spoon-billed Sandpiper (Critically Endangered), Far Eastern Curlew (Endangered) and Black-faced Spoonbill (Vulnerable) etc. Drone surveys proved especially effective for monitoring large heronry at Lahar Endin Forest Reserve, where up to 5,000 waterbirds were recorded, including breeding Black-crowned Night Heron, Little Egret, Cattle Egret and so on.

Several new records onsite were documented, including migratory birds like Slaty-legged Crake and Temminck’s Stint, and some local birds’ records. Camera traps also contributed valuable data, recording 53 bird species in mangrove and scrubland habitats.

Besides biodiversity surveys, community engagement is also important in conservation actions. MNS conducted two wader and waterbird identification experience tours to 3 local primary schools, aiming to provide students with opportunities to learn more about wetland and bird conservation through site visits and bird watching activities.

The results showed that the IBA supports a stable or increasing bird population, and a mixed survey approach can support the long-term importance of this coastal wetland system for conservation and flyway planning more comprehensively.

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